Sex-specific metamorphosis of cypris larvae in the androdioecious barnacle Scalpellum scalpellum (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) and its implications for the adaptive evolution of dwarf males

PloS One
Niklas DreyerJens T Høeg

Abstract

Androdioecy (co-existence of hermaphrodites and dwarf males) is a fascinating yet poorly understood phenomenon. The pedunculated barnacle Scalpellum scalpellum is an emerging model species for the system. In S. scalpellum, dwarf males and hermaphrodites are very different in adult morphology (e.g., in feeding structures and reproductive organs), but they share the same larval development with nauplii followed by cypris larvae. Recently, it was found that S. scalpellum cypris larvae display both genetic and environmental sex determination, but no detailed morphological study has yet investigated how the settled cypris larvae differ subsequent to settlement. This study investigates the morphological aspects of the onset of sex determination in the cyprids of S. scalpellum by examining their metamorphosis into either dwarf males or hermaphrodites under laboratory conditions. This study emphasizes morphological differences, such as size and shape of primordial shell plates, development of a flexible peduncle and of thoracopods. It was shown that the cypris larvae start to differ already one day after settlement on either a hydroid (leading to hermaphrodites) or an adult hermaphrodite (leading to dwarf males). Dwarf males gradually ...Continue Reading

References

Sep 2, 2011·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Yoichi YusaJens T Høeg
Apr 24, 2012·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Sachi YamaguchiYoichi Yusa
May 10, 2012·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Jens T HøegBenny K K Chan
Jun 6, 2012·PloS One·Diego MaruzzoJens T Høeg
Dec 15, 2012·Journal of Theoretical Biology·Sachi YamaguchiSatoshi Takahashi
Apr 17, 2013·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Yoichi YusaSachi Yamaguchi
May 17, 2015·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Hsiu-Chin LinBenny K K Chan

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