Sex Steroids, Adult Neurogenesis, and Inflammation in CNS Homeostasis, Degeneration, and Repair

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Tracy A Larson

Abstract

Sex steroidal hormones coordinate the development and maintenance of tissue architecture in many organs, including the central nervous systems (CNS). Within the CNS, sex steroids regulate the morphology, physiology, and behavior of a wide variety of neural cells including, but not limited to, neurons, glia, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Sex steroids spatially and temporally control distinct molecular networks, that, in turn modulate neural activity, synaptic plasticity, growth factor expression and function, nutrient exchange, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. Over the last several decades, it has become increasingly evident that sex steroids, often in conjunction with neuroinflammation, have profound impact on the occurrence and severity of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, I review the foundational discoveries that established the regulatory role of sex steroids in the CNS and highlight recent advances toward elucidating the complex interaction between sex steroids, neuroinflammation, and CNS regeneration through adult neurogenesis. The majority of recent work has focused on neuroinflammatory responses following acute physical damage, chronic degeneration, or pharmacological insult. Few studi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 7, 2018·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Tracy A LarsonEliot A Brenowitz
Jan 29, 2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Laura B Ngwenya, Steve C Danzer
Aug 13, 2020·Biomolecules·Claudia Jorgensen, Zuoxin Wang
Nov 18, 2020·Sleep·Andrey KostinMd Noor Alam

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ubiquitination
nuclear translocation

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