Sexual differentiation and hormonal regulation of the laryngeal synapse in Xenopus laevis

Journal of Neurobiology
M L Tobias, D B Kelley

Abstract

In Xenopus laevis frogs, sex differences in adult laryngeal synapses contribute to sex differences in vocal behavior. This study explores the development of sex differences in types of neuromuscular synapses and the development and hormone regulation of sex differences in transmitter release. Synapses in the juvenile larynx have characteristics not found in adults: juvenile muscle fibers can produce subthreshold or suprathreshold potentials in response to the same strength of nerve stimulation and can also produce multiple spikes to a single nerve stimulus. Juvenile laryngeal muscle also contains the same synapse types (I, II, and III) as are found in adult laryngeal muscle. The distribution of laryngeal synapse types in juveniles is less sexually dimorphic than the distribution in adults. Analysis of quantal content indicates that laryngeal synapses characteristically release low amounts of transmitter prior to sexual differentiation. Quantal content values from male and female juveniles are similar to values for adult males and are lower than values for adult females. When juveniles are gonadectomized and treated with exogenous estrogen, quantal content values increase significantly, suggesting that this hormone may increase ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1979·Annual Review of Neuroscience·N C Spitzer
Jan 1, 1987·Annual Review of Neuroscience·S M Schuetze, L W Role
Apr 1, 1987·General and Comparative Endocrinology·N SegilD B Kelley
Apr 1, 1986·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·P Hannigan, D B Kelley
Dec 1, 1986·The American Journal of Anatomy·D Sassoon, D B Kelley
Sep 1, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L FischerD Kelley
Dec 1, 1995·General and Comparative Endocrinology·L KangD Kelley
Jun 28, 1954·The Journal of Physiology·J DEL CASTILLO, B KATZ

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Citations

Dec 1, 1995·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·J C Weeks, R B Levine
Feb 18, 1998·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·D B Kelley
Mar 1, 2012·The Laryngoscope·Xin FengChristy L Ludlow
Nov 24, 1999·Journal of Neurophysiology·S A WhiteR Mooney
Jan 8, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Kelly E SouthElizabeth C Leininger
Jul 5, 2005·Hormones and Behavior·Frank L MooreDarcy B Kelley
Aug 24, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Kelly E SouthElizabeth C Leininger
Jan 5, 2011·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·Erik Zornik, Darcy B Kelley

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