Sexual signal evolution outpaces ecological divergence during electric fish species radiation

The American Naturalist
Matthew E ArnegardCarl D Hopkins

Abstract

Natural selection arising from resource competition and environmental heterogeneity can drive adaptive radiation. Ecological opportunity facilitates this process, resulting in rapid divergence of ecological traits in many celebrated radiations. In other cases, sexual selection is thought to fuel divergence in mating signals ahead of ecological divergence. Comparing divergence rates between naturally and sexually selected traits can offer insights into processes underlying species radiations, but to date such comparisons have been largely qualitative. Here, we quantitatively compare divergence rates for four traits in African mormyrid fishes, which use an electrical communication system with few extrinsic constraints on divergence. We demonstrate rapid signal evolution in the Paramormyrops species flock compared to divergence in morphology, size, and trophic ecology. This disparity in the tempo of trait evolution suggests that sexual selection is an important early driver of species radiation in these mormyrids. We also found slight divergence in ecological traits among closely related species, consistent with a supporting role for natural selection in Paramormyrops diversification. Our results highlight the potential for sexual...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 21, 2011·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Jason R GallantCarl D Hopkins
Dec 4, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Matthew E ArnegardHarold H Zakon
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