Shear stress-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling and cortactin translocation in pulmonary endothelial cells

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
Konstantin G BirukovJoe G N Garcia

Abstract

Hemodynamic forces in the form of shear stress (SS) and mechanical strain imposed by circulating blood are recognized factors involved in the control of systemic endothelial cell (EC) cytoskeletal structure and function. However, the effects of acute SS on pulmonary endothelium have not been precisely characterized, nor the mechanism of rapid SS-induced EC cytoskeletal rearrangement understood. We exposed bovine and human pulmonary EC monolayers to laminar SS (10 dynes/cm2) in a parallel plate flow chamber and observed increased actin stress fiber formation 15 min after application of flow. Acute SS-induced pronounced cortical cytoskeletal rearrangement characterized by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)- and Rho-associated kinase (RhoK)-dependent accumulation of diphosphorylated regulatory myosin light chains (MLC) in the cortical actin ring, junctional protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and transient peripheral translocation of cortactin, an actin-binding protein involved in the regulation of actin polymerization. SS-induced cortactin translocation was independent of Erk-1,2 MAP kinase, p60(Src), MLCK, or RhoK activities, and unaffected by overexpression of a cortactin mutant lacking four major p60(Src) phosphorylation sites. Ho...Continue Reading

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