Short- and long-term memories formed upon backward conditioning in honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Learning & Memory
Johannes FelsenbergDorothea Eisenhardt

Abstract

In classical conditioning, the temporal sequence of stimulus presentations is critical for the association between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US). In forward conditioning, the CS precedes the US and is learned as a predictor for the US. Thus it acquires properties to elicit a behavioral response, defined as excitatory properties. In backward conditioning, the US precedes the CS. The CS might be learned as a predictor for the cessation of the US acquiring inhibitory properties that inhibit a behavioral response. Interestingly, behavior after backward conditioning is controlled by both excitatory and inhibitory properties of the CS, but the underlying mechanisms determining which of these opposing properties control behavior upon retrieval is poorly understood. We performed conditioning experiments in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) to investigate the CS properties that control behavior at different time points after backward conditioning. The CS properties, as characterized by the retardation or enhancement of subsequent acquisition, were examined 30 min and 24 h after backward conditioning. We found that 30 min after backward conditioning, the CS acquired an inhibitory property during backward c...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 20, 2014·Learning & Memory·Bertram GerberMarkus Fendt
Jun 8, 2017·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·Nicholas H KirkerudC Giovanni Galizia

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