Short-term Oral Antibiotics Treatment Promotes Inflammatory Activation of Colonic Invariant Natural Killer T and Conventional CD4+ T Cells

Frontiers in Medicine
Claudia BurrelloFederica Facciotti

Abstract

The gut mucosa is continuously exposed to a vast community of microorganisms, collectively defined as microbiota, establishing a mutualistic relationship with the host and contributing to shape the immune system. Gut microbiota is acquired at birth, and its composition is relatively stable during the entire adult life. Intestinal dysbiosis, defined as a microbial imbalance of gut bacterial communities, can be caused by several factors, including bacterial infections and antibiotic use, and has been associated with an increased risk to develop or exacerbate immune-mediated pathologies, such as allergic reactions, asthma, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Still, the mechanisms by which antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis may lead to development of mucosal inflammation are still matter of debate. To this end, we aimed to evaluate the impact of antibiotic treatment on phenotype and functions of intestinal immune cell populations, including invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a subset of lipid-specific T cells profoundly influenced by alterations on the commensal microbiota. To this aim, a cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics was administered for 2 weeks to otherwise healthy mice before re-colonization of the intestinal microbial...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 13, 2018·Immunology·Fatma Zehra Hapil, Gerhard Wingender
Oct 17, 2018·Allergy·Nonhlanhla LunjaniLiam O'Mahony
Feb 6, 2020·The FEBS Journal·Phillip M BraileyPatricia Barral
Jul 25, 2020·Mucosal Immunology·Qiaochu LinThierry Mallevaey
Feb 15, 2019·Life Science Alliance·Claudia BurrelloFederica Facciotti
Nov 16, 2018·Frontiers in Physiology·Elizabeth A KennedyMegan T Baldridge
Jul 4, 2018·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Catherine M Crosby, Mitchell Kronenberg
Jan 21, 2019·The American Journal of Pathology·Jessica D Hathaway-SchraderChad M Novince
Oct 17, 2020·Neural Regeneration Research·Vanessa CastelliAnnamaria Cimini
Oct 27, 2021·Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics·Aishwarya SAnita Margret A

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