Sibling Rivalry in Myxococcus xanthus Is Mediated by Kin Recognition and a Polyploid Prophage

Journal of Bacteriology
Arup DeyDaniel Wall

Abstract

Myxobacteria form complex social communities that elicit multicellular behaviors. One such behavior is kin recognition, in which cells identify siblings via their polymorphic TraA cell surface receptor, to transiently fuse outer membranes and exchange their contents. In addition, outer membrane exchange (OME) regulates behaviors, such as inhibition of wild-type Myxococcus xanthus (DK1622) from swarming. Here we monitored the fate of motile cells and surprisingly found they were killed by nonmotile siblings. The kill phenotype required OME (i.e., was TraA dependent). The genetic basis of killing was traced to ancestral strains used to construct DK1622. Specifically, the kill phenotype mapped to a large "polyploid prophage," Mx alpha. Sensitive strains contained a 200-kb deletion that removed two of three Mx alpha units. To explain these results, we suggest that Mx alpha expresses a toxin-antitoxin cassette that uses the OME machinery of M. xanthus to transfer a toxin that makes the population "addicted" to Mx alpha. Thus, siblings that lost Mx alpha units (no immunity) are killed by cells that harbor the element. To test this, an Mx alpha-harboring laboratory strain was engineered (by traA allele swap) to recognize a closely rel...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 24, 2016·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Christopher N Vassallo, Daniel Wall
Apr 2, 2016·ACS Chemical Biology·Brandon L Findlay
Jul 20, 2016·Journal of Molecular Biology·Daniel J Bretl, John R Kirby
Jul 1, 2016·Annual Review of Microbiology·Daniel Wall
Dec 2, 2017·Environmental Microbiology·Vera TroseljDaniel Wall
Jul 20, 2018·Viruses·Marie Vasse, Sébastien Wielgoss
Jun 21, 2018·Molecular Microbiology·Karolina MichalskaChristopher S Hayes
Jun 2, 2016·Journal of Bacteriology·Reed M Stubbendieck, Paul D Straight
Nov 21, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Christopher N Vassallo, Daniel Wall
May 5, 2020·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Pengbo Cao, Daniel Wall
May 1, 2019·Journal of Bacteriology·Jonathan P Allen, Alan R Hauser
Jul 19, 2020·Annual Review of Microbiology·Zachary C RuheChristopher S Hayes
Mar 23, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Pengbo Cao, Daniel Wall
Aug 22, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Lauren SpeareAlecia N Septer
Aug 4, 2018·Frontiers in Microbiology·Gaurav SharmaMitchell Singer
Dec 22, 2020·The ISME Journal·Anna DragošÁkos T Kovács
Apr 18, 2019·Cell Reports·Sooyeon SongThomas K Wood
Aug 24, 2020·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Govind Prasad Sah, Daniel Wall

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