PMID: 2110968Apr 1, 1990Paper

Signal transmission through the dark-adapted retina of the toad (Bufo marinus). Gain, convergence, and signal/noise

The Journal of General Physiology
D R CopenhagenT Reuter

Abstract

Responses to light were recorded from rods, horizontal cells, and ganglion cells in dark-adapted toad eyecups. Sensitivity was defined as response amplitude per isomerization per rod for dim flashes covering the excitatory receptive field centers. Both sensitivity and spatial summation were found to increase by one order of magnitude between rods and horizontal cells, and by two orders of magnitude between rods and ganglion cells. Recordings from two hyperpolarizing bipolar cells showed a 20 times response increase between rods and bipolars. At absolute threshold for ganglion cells (Copenhagen, D.R., K. Donner, and T. Reuter. 1987. J. Physiol. 393:667-680) the dim flashes produce 10-50-microV responses in the rods. The cumulative gain exhibited at each subsequent synaptic transfer from the rods to the ganglion cells serves to boost these small amplitude signals to the level required for initiation of action potentials in the ganglion cells. The convergence of rod signals through increasing spatial summation serves to decrease the variation of responses to dim flashes, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, at absolute threshold for ganglion cells, the convergence typically increases the maximal signal-to-noise rati...Continue Reading

References

Jan 13, 1977·Nature·G L FainJ M Maxwell
Apr 1, 1990·The Journal of General Physiology·K DonnerT Reuter
Aug 6, 1987·Nature·D AttwellM Wilson
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Citations

Sep 5, 2002·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·David KrizajDavid R Copenhagen
Apr 3, 2010·Biological cybernetics·Mikhail Y LipinW Rowland Taylor
Mar 9, 2006·Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology·Günter Niemeyer
Feb 3, 2005·Visual Neuroscience·Amy BerntsonW Rowland Taylor
Aug 5, 2005·Visual Neuroscience·René C RenteríaDavid Krizaj
Aug 25, 2009·Visual Neuroscience·Margaret A MacneilR Jarrett Rushmore
Apr 1, 1990·The Journal of General Physiology·K DonnerT Reuter
Jul 6, 2007·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Juliette JohnsonDavid R Copenhagen
Sep 17, 2010·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Frank NaarendorpEdward N Pugh
Aug 6, 2002·Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library·David Krizaj, David R Copenhagen
Sep 16, 2004·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Eric J Warrant, N Adam Locket
Sep 11, 2013·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research·Robert E MarcScott Lauritzen
Dec 1, 1996·Vision Research·N Vardi, R G Smith
Nov 13, 2004·Vision Research·W Rowland Taylor, Robert G Smith
Sep 20, 2011·Vision Research·Tom Reuter
Jul 23, 2016·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·J Scott LauritzenRobert E Marc
Sep 11, 2018·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Robert F RosencransHamilton E Farris
Nov 9, 2018·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Vitor H CorredorChristina Joselevitch
May 15, 2021·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·Lorenzo Cangiano, Sabrina Asteriti

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