Signals and forces shaping organogenesis of the small intestine

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
Sha WangDeborah L Gumucio

Abstract

The adult gastrointestinal tract (GI) is a series of connected organs (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon) that develop via progressive regional specification of a continuous tubular embryonic organ anlage. This chapter focuses on organogenesis of the small intestine. The intestine arises by folding of a flat sheet of endodermal cells into a tube of highly proliferative pseudostratified cells. Dramatic elongation of this tube is driven by rapid epithelial proliferation. Then, epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and physical forces drive a stepwise cascade that results in convolution of the tubular surface into finger-like projections called villi. Concomitant with villus formation, a sharp epithelial transcriptional boundary is defined between stomach and intestine. Finally, flask-like depressions called crypts are established to house the intestinal stem cells needed throughout life for epithelial renewal. New insights into these events are being provided by in vitro organoid systems, which hold promise for future regenerative engineering of the small intestine.

Citations

Mar 18, 2020·Cancers·Larissa Kotelevets, Eric Chastre
Jan 30, 2020·Balsaeng'gwa saengsig·Seunghoon Oh, Young Bok Yoo
Oct 1, 2020·Development·Sha WangTerry Lechler
Mar 11, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Feng YuanJeanne C Stachowiak
Nov 7, 2020·Cell Stem Cell·Christopher R Schlieve, Tracy C Grikscheit
Jun 23, 2021·Nature Cell Biology·Qiutan YangPrisca Liberali

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