PMID: 15244646Jul 13, 2004Paper

Simple swimmer at low Reynolds number: three linked spheres

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Ali Najafi, Ramin Golestanian

Abstract

We propose a very simple one-dimensional swimmer consisting of three spheres that are linked by rigid rods whose lengths can change between two values. With a periodic motion in a nonreciprocal fashion, which breaks the time-reversal symmetry as well as the translational symmetry, we show that the model device can swim at low Reynolds number. This model system could be used in constructing molecular-sized machines.

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