Simultaneous acceleration of protons and electrons at nonrelativistic quasiparallel collisionless shocks

Physical Review Letters
Jaehong ParkAnatoly Spitkovsky

Abstract

We study diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of protons and electrons at nonrelativistic, high Mach number, quasiparallel, collisionless shocks by means of self-consistent 1D particle-in-cell simulations. For the first time, both species are found to develop power-law distributions with the universal spectral index -4 in momentum space, in agreement with the prediction of DSA. We find that scattering of both protons and electrons is mediated by right-handed circularly polarized waves excited by the current of energetic protons via nonresonant hybrid (Bell) instability. Protons are injected into DSA after a few gyrocycles of shock drift acceleration (SDA), while electrons are first preheated via SDA, then energized via a hybrid acceleration process that involves both SDA and Fermi-like acceleration mediated by Bell waves, before eventual injection into DSA. Using the simulations we can measure the electron-proton ratio in accelerated particles, which is of paramount importance for explaining the cosmic ray fluxes measured on Earth and the multiwavelength emission of astrophysical objects such as supernova remnants, radio supernovae, and galaxy clusters. We find the normalization of the electron power law is ≲10^{-2} of the proton...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 20, 2018·Physical Review Letters·Rebecca Diesing, Damiano Caprioli
Dec 7, 2019·The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series·Lynn B WilsonKatherine A Goodrich
Mar 24, 2016·Reports on Progress in Physics·A MarcowithA Stockem Novo
Sep 28, 2017·Physical Review Letters·Yosuke MatsumotoMasahiro Hoshino
Sep 7, 2019·Physical Review Letters·Rebecca Diesing, Damiano Caprioli
Oct 1, 2018·Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·Alexandre MarcowithGwenael Giacinti

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