Simultaneous determination of xylazine, free morphine, codeine, 6-acetylmorphine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine in postmortem blood by UPLC-MS-MS

Journal of Analytical Toxicology
Kazandra Ruiz-ColónJoseph Bloom-Oquendo

Abstract

Xylazine, a veterinary sedative, has been found as an adulterant of heroin in street drugs in Puerto Rico. It was found in combination with free morphine and 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine in postmortem cases at the Puerto Rico Institute of Forensic Sciences (PRIFS). Xylazine is not approved for human use because it has been proven harmful. Currently, three separate analyses are required to determine all the aforementioned drugs at the PRIFS's toxicology laboratory. To reduce analysis time consumption, sample volume, run time, sample preparation and cost, a high-throughput ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of xylazine, free morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine in 0.25 mL postmortem blood by protein precipitation, fulfilling confirmation criteria with three transitions for each compound with acceptable relative ion intensities. Linearity was established between 10-1,000 ng/mL. Total run time was 2.5 min. Limit of detection was 1 ng/mL for cocaine and xylazine, 2 ng/mL for 6-acetylmorphine and 10 ng/mL for free morphine, codeine and benzoylecgonine. The intra-day and inter-day...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 1, 2004·Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine·S B KarchA Tseng
Apr 29, 2014·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Kazandra Ruiz-ColónMaría A Martínez
Jul 16, 2014·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·L A Silva-TorresB Zayas
Jul 15, 2015·Bioanalysis·Mário Barroso, Eugenia Gallardo
Jun 22, 2015·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Gregory S Doran, Leah A Bradbury
Oct 9, 2020·The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology·Jacqueline NunezJames R Gill
Sep 17, 2021·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Mbabazi KariisaJessica Bitting

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