Sindbis Virus Infection Causes Cell Death by nsP2-Induced Transcriptional Shutoff or by nsP3-Dependent Translational Shutoff

Journal of Virology
Ivan AkhrymukElena I Frolova

Abstract

Sindbis virus (SINV) is a representative member of the Alphavirus genus in the Togaviridae family. The hallmark of SINV replication in vertebrate cells is a rapid development of the cytopathic effect (CPE), which usually occurs within 24 h postinfection. Mechanistic understanding of CPE might lead to development of new prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic means against alphavirus infections. However, development of noncytopathic SINV variants and those of other Old World alphaviruses was always highly inefficient and usually resulted in selection of mutants demonstrating poor replication of the viral genome and transcription of subgenomic RNA. This likely caused a nonspecific negative effect on the rates of CPE development. The results of this study demonstrate that CPE induced by SINV and likely by other Old World alphaviruses is a multicomponent process, in which transcriptional and translational shutoffs are the key contributors. Inhibition of cellular transcription and translation is determined by SINV nsP2 and nsP3 proteins, respectively. Defined mutations in the nsP2-specific peptide between amino acids (aa) 674 and 688 prevent virus-induced degradation of the catalytic subunit of cellular-DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II...Continue Reading

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Dec 21, 2018·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·Pamlea N BradyMargaret A Johnson
Sep 5, 2020·PLoS Pathogens·Laura Sandra LelloAndres Merits
Apr 20, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Yee-Song LawDahai Luo
Feb 7, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Aravinth Kumar JayabalanAnthony K L Leung
Aug 29, 2021·Pathogens·Margarita V Rangel, Kenneth A Stapleford

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