Six degree-of-freedom analysis of hip, knee, ankle and foot provides updated understanding of biomechanical work during human walking

The Journal of Experimental Biology
Karl E ZelikGregory S Sawicki

Abstract

Measuring biomechanical work performed by humans and other animals is critical for understanding muscle-tendon function, joint-specific contributions and energy-saving mechanisms during locomotion. Inverse dynamics is often employed to estimate joint-level contributions, and deformable body estimates can be used to study work performed by the foot. We recently discovered that these commonly used experimental estimates fail to explain whole-body energy changes observed during human walking. By re-analyzing previously published data, we found that about 25% (8 J) of total positive energy changes of/about the body's center-of-mass and >30% of the energy changes during the Push-off phase of walking were not explained by conventional joint- and segment-level work estimates, exposing a gap in our fundamental understanding of work production during gait. Here, we present a novel Energy-Accounting analysis that integrates various empirical measures of work and energy to elucidate the source of unexplained biomechanical work. We discovered that by extending conventional 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) inverse dynamics (estimating rotational work about joints) to 6DOF (rotational and translational) analysis of the hip, knee, ankle and foot, we...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 19, 2016·Scientific Reports·Matthew B Yandell, Karl E Zelik
May 23, 2016·Journal of Biomechanics·Jason R Franz, Darryl G Thelen
Jul 16, 2016·Scientific Reports·Kota Z TakahashiGregory S Sawicki
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May 31, 2020·Scientific Reports·Samuel F Ray, Kota Z Takahashi
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