Size and Charge Evaluation of Standard Humic and Fulvic Acids as Crucial Factors to Determine Their Environmental Behavior and Impact

Frontiers in Chemistry
Martina Klučáková

Abstract

In this work, the size and charge of humic and fulvic standards purchased from the International Humic Substances Society are presented and discussed. The secondary structure of humic substances in water environment as well as the size and shape of the dissolved humic species and their changes are ill-defined, very dynamic and can be strongly affected by environmental conditions as the concentration, pH, and ionic strength. They have a strong propensity to aggregate which control their interactions with other components, mobility, and functioning in the environment. Particle size distributions were determined by means of dynamic light scattering, zeta potential by Doppler electrophoresis. The intensity, volume, and number particle size distribution were obtained. Two or three different size fractions were detected in the studied systems. Large macroparticles (>1 μm) were observed in the majority of them, mainly in the case of more concentrated solutions. Medium fractions of fulvic submicroparticles had higher average diameters (500-1,200 nm) than those in humic acids (300-600 nm). Small nanoparticles (<100 nm) were detected mainly in alkaline solutions. Fulvic acids with more functional groups (active sites) can form more easil...Continue Reading

References

Sep 16, 2000·The Science of the Total Environment·T J ManningD Milton
Jan 5, 2002·Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry·N E Palmer, R von Wandruszka
Dec 31, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·Rebecca Sutton, Garrison Sposito
Aug 19, 2007·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Roberto BaigorriJose Ma García-Mina
Aug 22, 2015·Chemosphere·Claudio ColomboSerenella Nardi
Jan 10, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Martina Klučáková
Nov 2, 2016·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Martina Klučáková, Kateřina Věžníková

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Citations

Jan 6, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Bhawna ChaubeySamanwita Pal
Jan 8, 2021·Journal of Colloid and Interface Science·Mujahid AliStefan Iglauer
Dec 17, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Martina KlučákováVojtěch Enev
Jun 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Laurynas JarukasJurga Bernatoniene

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
dynamic light scattering
transmission electron microscopy

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