Skin mucosome activity as an indicator of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans susceptibility in salamanders

PloS One
Hannah Keely SmithAn Martel

Abstract

Recently emerged fungal diseases, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) are an increasing threat to amphibians worldwide. In Europe, the threat of Bsal to salamander populations is demonstrated by the rapid decline of fire salamander populations in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. Although most European urodelans are susceptible to infection in infection trials, recent evidence suggests marked interspecific differences in the course of infection, with potentially far reaching implications for salamander conservation. As a salamander's skin is the first line of defense against such pathogens, interspecific differences in innate immune function of the skin may explain differential susceptibility. Here we investigate if compounds present on a salamander's skin can kill Bsal spores and if there is variation among species. We used a non-invasive assay to compare killing ability of salamander mucosomes of four different species (captive and wild Salamandra salamandra and captive Ichtyosaura alpestris, Cynops pyrrhogaster and Lissotriton helveticus) by exposing Bsal zoospores to salamander mucosomes and determining spore survival. In all samples, zoospores were killed when exposed to muc...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 24, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Ilaria DemoriElena Grasselli
Sep 24, 2020·Integrative Zoology·Gilles DE MeesterRaoul VAN Damme
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Aug 6, 2021·Annual Review of Microbiology·Matthew C FisherAn Martel

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

Mascot Server
SPSS

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