Skin penetration and decontamination efficacy following human skin exposure to fentanyl.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
Lina ThorsAnders Bucht

Abstract

Unintentional exposure to potent synthetic opioids during law enforcement seizures and rescue operations can potentially result in incapacitating effects or life-threatening respiratory depression. The hazard comes mainly from inhalation exposure, however, the skin contact risk should be considered. In the present study, the skin penetration of fentanyl and the efficacy of different decontamination protocols were evaluated by applying two forms of fentanyl on dermatomed human skin mounted in a diffusion cell. Studies were performed on dry skin or skin moistened by water, sweat or hand sanitizer. The free base of fentanyl displayed greater skin penetration ability than the hydrochloride salt and a higher steady state penetration rate of fentanyl in solution compared to powder on dry skin. Sweaty skin increased the penetration rate, both when applied in solution and as powder. The hand sanitizer increased skin penetration of the free base fentanyl but not the hydrochloride salt. Of the evaluated decontamination procedures, only soapy water demonstrated a general efficacy. In conclusion, the skin contact hazard of fentanyl is highly dependent on the exposure conditions and contamination density. The risk for physiological effects ...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 26, 2021·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Christopher DaltonStuart Graham
May 30, 2021·Chemico-biological Interactions·Greta Camilla MagnanoFrancesca Larese Filon
Jul 27, 2021·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews·Chavy ChiangHoward Maibach

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