SLAM- and nectin-4-independent noncytolytic spread of canine distemper virus in astrocytes

Journal of Virology
Lisa AlvesPhilippe Plattet

Abstract

Measles and canine distemper viruses (MeV and CDV, respectively) first replicate in lymphatic and epithelial tissues by using SLAM and nectin-4 as entry receptors, respectively. The viruses may also invade the brain to establish persistent infections, triggering fatal complications, such as subacute sclerosis pan-encephalitis (SSPE) in MeV infection or chronic, multiple sclerosis-like, multifocal demyelinating lesions in the case of CDV infection. In both diseases, persistence is mediated by viral nucleocapsids that do not require packaging into particles for infectivity but are directly transmitted from cell to cell (neurons in SSPE or astrocytes in distemper encephalitis), presumably by relying on restricted microfusion events. Indeed, although morphological evidence of fusion remained undetectable, viral fusion machineries and, thus, a putative cellular receptor, were shown to contribute to persistent infections. Here, we first showed that nectin-4-dependent cell-cell fusion in Vero cells, triggered by a demyelinating CDV strain, remained extremely limited, thereby supporting a potential role of nectin-4 in mediating persistent infections in astrocytes. However, nectin-4 could not be detected in either primary cultured astro...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 24, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·Giovanni Di Guardo, Sandro Mazzariol
Apr 28, 2016·Molecular Therapy Oncolytics·Koichiro ShojiChieko Kai
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Dec 14, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Giovanni Di GuardoSandro Mazzariol

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