Sleep and brain infections

Brain Research Bulletin
Chiara TesorieroMarina Bentivoglio

Abstract

Sleep is frequently altered in systemic infections as a component of sickness behavior in response to inflammation. Sleepiness in sickness behavior has been extensively investigated. Much less attention has instead been devoted to sleep and wake alterations in brain infections. Most of these, as other neuroinfections, are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The present overview highlights the importance of this topic from both the clinical and pathogenetic points of view. Vigilance states and their regulation are first summarized, emphasizing that key nodes in this distributed brain system can be targeted by neuroinflammatory signaling. Sleep-wake changes in the parasitic disease human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and its animal models are then reviewed and discussed. Experimental data have revealed that the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master circadian pacemaker, and peptidergic cell populations of the lateral hypothalamus (the wake-promoting orexin neurons and the sleep-promoting melanin-concentrating hormone neurons) are targeted by African trypanosome infection. It is then discussed how prominent and disturbing are sleep changes in HIV/AIDS, also when the infection is cured with antiretroviral therapy. This recalls attention ...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 9, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Marina BentivoglioMartin E Rottenberg
Oct 21, 2020·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Alfred K NjamnshiPeter G E Kennedy
Jan 7, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Mahmood BaraniGeorge Z Kyzas
Jun 5, 2021·CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics·Damien DupontMartine Wallon
Sep 4, 2021·Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P·Emanuele Mariano de Souza SantosAndréa Monteiro Correia Medeiros
Sep 30, 2021·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Gabriela C OliveraMartin E Rottenberg

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African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei and almost invariably progresses to death unless treated. Discover the latest research on African trypanosomiasis here.