Sleep and its disorders

Annual Review of Neuroscience
E D Weitzman

Abstract

The advances in research on sleep an biological rhythms have recently been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. A new clinical specialty has developed with the establishment of sleep disorder centers and a diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders. This new nosological approach has evolved from an extensive base of new scientific information concerning descriptive polygraphic and analysis of clinical case series. Four major categories have been defined: (a) disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (insomnias), (b) disorders of excessive somnolence, (c) disorders of the sleep-wake schedule, and (d) dysfunctions associated with sleep. Within this comprehensive classification certain major pathophysiological advances are described for the "insomnias." These include polysomnographic identification of altered sleep stage patterns in the major effective illnesses, insomnias related to hypnotic drugs and alcohol, sleep disturbances associated with sleep-induced respiratory impairment, and sleep-related periodic movements during sleep (nocturnal myoclonus). Excessive daytime somnolence is primarily associated with the hypersomnia sleep-apnea syndrome and with narcolepsy. The relationship betwee...Continue Reading

Citations

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