Sleep-disordered breathing and comorbidities: role of the upper airway and craniofacial skeleton

Nature and Science of Sleep
Lucy Charlotte BrennanJohanna Cristine Gavlak

Abstract

Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which includes primary snoring through to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), may cause compromise of respiratory gas exchange during sleep, related to transient upper airway narrowing disrupting ventilation, and causing oxyhemoglobin desaturation and poor sleep quality. SDB is common in chronic disorders and has significant implications for health. With prevalence rates globally increasing, this condition is causing a substantial burden on health care costs. Certain populations, including people with sickle cell disease (SCD), exhibit a greater prevalence of OSAS. A review of the literature provides the available normal polysomnography and oximetry data for reference and documents the structural upper airway differences between those with and without OSAS, as well as between ethnicities and disease states. There may be differences in craniofacial development due to atypical growth trajectories or extramedullary hematopoiesis in anemias such as SCD. Studies involving MRI of the upper airway illustrated that OSAS populations tend to have a greater amount of lymphoid tissue, smaller airways, and smaller lower facial skeletons from measurements of the mandible and linear mental sp...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 5, 2021·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Qi-Li PengWei Liu
Jul 9, 2021·International Journal of Clinical Practice·Sanaz SadryHüseyin Kurtulmuş
Sep 6, 2021·International Journal of Clinical Practice·Linlin WeiYaotian Zhang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
sedation

Software Mentioned

AMIRA
3DVIEWNIX
OSAS

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