Sleep in adults with ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Amparo Díaz-RománSamuele Cortese

Abstract

Sleep alterations associated with adulthood ADHD are poorly understood. Here, we conducted the first meta-analysis of sleep studies in adults with ADHD. Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO-CRD42017065407), we searched Pubmed, Ovid and Web of Knowledge databases through August 3rd, 2017, with no language or publication type restrictions, and contacted study authors for unpublished data/information. From a pool of 8812 references, we retained 13 studies. Random-effects models were performed and study quality was rated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Compared to adults without ADHD, those with ADHD significantly differed in seven out of nine subjective parameters (Standardized Mean Difference, SMD, ranging from 0.56 to 1.55) and two out of five actigraphic parameters [SMD (95% CI): sleep onset latency: 0.80 (0.46-1.14); sleep efficiency: -0.68 (-1.03, -0.34)]. No significant differences were detected for polysomnographic parameters. We conclude that, whereas subjectively reported sleep problems are significantly associated with ADHD in adults and should be systematically screened during the clinical interview, additional research is needed to understand if they are underpinned by objective sleep alterations.

Citations

Mar 16, 2019·Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics·Pankhuree Vandana, Eugene Arnold
Apr 30, 2019·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Stephen P BeckerElizaveta Bourchtein
Nov 13, 2019·Translational Psychiatry·Tilman HenschUlrich Hegerl
Jul 28, 2020·Current Psychiatry Reports·Samantha ScholesReut Gruber
Jul 24, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Seyed Hojjat Zamani SaniSerge Brand
Mar 31, 2019·Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders·Denise BijlengaMartijn Arns
Aug 28, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Lorenzo TonettiVincenzo Natale
Jan 7, 2021·Journal of Attention Disorders·Upasana BondopadhyayAndrew N Coogan
Jan 27, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Alessandro PallucchiniGiulio Perugi
Apr 7, 2021·The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry·Marina Xavier CarpenaLuciana Tovo-Rodrigues
Dec 24, 2021·Journal of Attention Disorders·Heather M JosephBrooke S G Molina

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