Sleepless latency of human cytomegalovirus

Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Emma Poole, John H Sinclair

Abstract

As with all human herpesviruses, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists for the lifetime of the host by establishing a latent infection, which is broken by periodic reactivation events. One site of HCMV latency is in the progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage such as CD34+ cells and their CD14+ derivatives. The development of experimental techniques to isolate and culture these primary cells in vitro is enabling detailed analysis of the events that occur during virus latency and reactivation. Ex vivo differentiation of latently infected primary myeloid cells to dendritic cells and macrophages results in the reactivation of latent virus and provides model systems in which to analyse the viral and cellular functions involved in latent carriage and reactivation. Such analyses have shown that, in contrast to primary lytic infection or reactivation which is characterised by a regulated cascade of expression of all viral genes, latent infection is associated with a much more restricted viral transcription programme with expression of only a small number of viral genes. Additionally, concomitant changes in the expression of cellular miRNAs and cellular proteins occur, and this includes changes in the expression of a number of secreted...Continue Reading

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