Small Increments in Vitamin D Intake by Irish Adults over a Decade Show That Strategic Initiatives to Fortify the Food Supply Are Needed

The Journal of Nutrition
Lucinda J BlackM Kiely

Abstract

Food fortification could be an effective method of increasing vitamin D intakes and preventing deficiency with minimal risk of excessive dosing. Secular trends in vitamin D intakes were examined over a 10-y period. We compared vitamin D intakes among 18- to 64-y-old adults from the base diet, fortified foods, and supplements in 2 nationally representative dietary surveys in 1999 and 2009 implemented using the same methodology. There was a slight increase in the median (IQR) intake of vitamin D from 2.9 (3.2) to 3.5 (3.7) μg/d (mean ± SD, 4.3 ± 4.0 to 5.0 ± 6.4 μg). The median (IQR) intake from the base diet was 2.3 (1.6) μg/d in 1999 and 2.1 (1.8) μg/d in 2009. In vitamin D supplement users, median (IQR) intakes were 7.6 (6.7) and 8.7 (7.2) μg/d and the prevalence of inadequacy decreased from 67% to 57% in 2009. Although the consumption of vitamin D-containing supplements was similar in the 2 surveys (17% and 16%), the use of calcium-vitamin D supplements increased from 3% to 10% among women aged 50-64 y. The prevalence of fortified food consumption was also similar at 60%, and median (IQR) vitamin D intakes in consumers were 2.9 (2.2) and 3.7 (2.9) μg/d in 1999 and 2009, respectively. Mathematical modeling of food fortificatio...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 19, 2016·Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics : the Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association·M KielyÁ Hennessy
Oct 26, 2016·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Aoife Hayes, Kevin D Cashman
Feb 13, 2016·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Kevin D CashmanMairead Kiely
Feb 27, 2018·Public Health Nutrition·Mariana De Santis FilgueirasJuliana Farias de Novaes
Nov 29, 2017·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Karen M O'Callaghan, Mairead E Kiely
May 16, 2020·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Kevin D Cashman
Apr 29, 2020·Minerva endocrinologica·Matteo MegnaMaddalena Napolitano
Oct 25, 2016·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Christian TrummerVerena Schwetz
May 10, 2019·Calcified Tissue International·Kevin D Cashman
Aug 2, 2018·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Stefan PilzArmin Zittermann
Dec 28, 2016·European Journal of Nutrition·Carol Ní ChaoimhMairead E Kiely
Feb 9, 2017·Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders·Luigi BarreaSilvia Savastano
Oct 26, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Mairead Kiely, Kevin D Cashman
Oct 17, 2018·Nutrients·Glenn CardwellLucinda J Black
Apr 16, 2021·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Kevin D Cashman
May 10, 2017·Meat Science·Kevin D Cashman, Aoife Hayes

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