Small RNAs in Circulating Exosomes of Cancer Patients: A Minireview

High-throughput
Stefania BortoluzziLara Mussolin

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from many cell types play important roles in intercellular communication, both as paracrine and endocrine factors, as they can circulate in biological fluids, including plasma. Amid EVs, exosomes are actively secreted vesicles that contain proteins, lipids, soluble factors, and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and other classes of small RNAs (sRNA). miRNAs are prominent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and epigenetic silencers of transcription. We concisely review the roles of miRNAs in cell-fate determination and development and their regulatory activity on almost all the processes and pathways controlling tumor formation and progression. Next, we consider the evidence linking exosomes to tumor progression, particularly to the setting-up of permissive pre-metastatic niches. The study of exosomes in patients with different survival and therapy response can inform on the possible correlations between exosomal cargo and disease features. Moreover, the exploration of circulating exosomes as possible sources of non-invasive biomarkers could give new implements for anti-cancer therapy and metastasis prevention. Since the characterization of sRNAs in exosomes of cance...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 22, 2018·Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences·Ancuta JurjIoana Berindan-Neagoe
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Dec 17, 2019·Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids·Naoya HoshikawaHidenori Suzuki

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
electron microscopy
sRNA-Seq

Software Mentioned

Bowtie
Trimmomatic
BWA
Flexbar
FASTX

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