Smartphone-Based Fundus Imaging-Where Are We Now?

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology
Maximilian W M WintergerstRobert P Finger

Abstract

With the advent of smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI), a low-cost alternative to conventional digital fundus photography has become available. SBFI allows for a mobile fundus examination, is applicable both with and without pupil dilation, comes with built-in connectivity and post-processing capabilities, and is relatively easy to master. Furthermore, it is delegable to paramedical staff/technicians and, hence, suitable for telemedicine. Against this background a variety of SBFI applications have become available including screening for diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity and its applications in emergency medicine and pediatrics. In addition, SBFI is convenient for teaching purposes and might serve as a surrogate for direct ophthalmoscopy. First wide-field montage techniques are available and the combination of SBFI with machine learning algorithms for image analyses is promising. In conclusion, SBFI has the potential to make fundus examinations and screenings for patients particularly in low- and middle-income settings more accessible and, therefore, aid tackling the burden of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity screening. However, image quality for SBFI varies substant...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 9, 2021·Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare·Sally L BaxterShira L Robbins
May 21, 2021·Clinical Ophthalmology·James KohlerSandra R Montezuma
Jun 18, 2021·Scientific Reports·Linus G JansenMaximilian W M Wintergerst

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