Smokeless Tobacco Supply Chain in South Asia: A Comparative Analysis Using the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Kamran SiddiqiIan Watt

Abstract

Most South Asian countries are signatories to the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, there is little information on the extent to which FCTC standards are effectively implemented for controlling smokeless tobacco (SLT)-used by over 250 million people in the region. We assessed the feasibility of a novel approach based on interviewing the key actors of SLT supply chain and analyzing its findings using standards set by FCTC. Using a snowball-sampling technique, we interviewed point-of-sale vendors, wholesale retailers, manufacturers, raw-tobacco retailers, and farmers involved in the supply chain of SLT in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Using a structured-questionnaire, participants were asked about their customer profiles; product types; marketing practices; suppliers; profit margins, awareness and adherence to legislation. We recruited 72% (130/180) of all supply chain actors approached. Findings indicate several loopholes in the existing taxation, regulatory, and inspection systems. A significant proportion of smuggled and counterfeit SLT products are available in the market. Most SLT products are sold without recommended warnings, information on their ingredients, and manufacturers' details. There...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 25, 2016·Lancet·Martin RawSrinath Reddy
Jan 28, 2016·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Angela Jackson-MorrisSean Semple
Dec 5, 2017·Current Addiction Reports·Kamran SiddiqiRay Croucher
Jan 3, 2018·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Zohaib KhanSteffen Dreger
Mar 25, 2019·Substance Abuse : Research and Treatment·Anupam Bandyopadhyay, Mohd Irfan
Nov 30, 2016·Tobacco Induced Diseases·Zohaib Khan
Apr 5, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Łukasz BalwickiJeffrey Drope
Jul 9, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·S M AbdullahKamran Siddiqi
Aug 18, 2020·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Fayaz AhmadSarah Forberger
Oct 2, 2019·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Kamran SiddiqiUNKNOWN ASTRA
Mar 2, 2021·Tobacco Prevention & Cessation·Rosemary Hiscock, Michael J Bloomfield

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