Smoking and gut

Archives of Iranian Medicine
Sadegh Massarrat

Abstract

Smoking has not only enormous deleterious effects on cardiovascular, cerebral, and bronchial organs but also profoundly alters the function of all parts of the gastrointestinal tract through various mechanisms. Except the sole curiously observed benefit of smoking on the course of ulcerative colitis, it increases the prevalence of the common gastrointestinal diseases namely gastroesophageal acid reflux, peptic ulcer, and Crohn's diseases. It also increases the incidence of cancer of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and liver mostly in a dose-response relationship and worsens the prognosis of colon cancer. The cessation of smoking is associated with the reduced incidence of cancer in the reported organs, but its effect on the regression of benign disease is not generally studied. The physicians must be aware not only of the harmful effect of smoking on the cardiovascular and bronchial systems, but also about the detrimental consequences of life-long smoking on the gastrointestinal tract and the increase of its benign and malignant diseases.

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG
Peter Laszlo LakatosLaszlo Lakatos
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
William K K Wu, Chi Hin Cho
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine
Masahiko TsujiiTetsuo Takehara
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved