Smoking Is Associated With Low Levels of Soluble PD-L1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Frontiers in Immunology
Caroline WasénMaria I Bokarewa

Abstract

Smoking is a risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanism remains uncertain. We previously demonstrated that smoking lowers the T cell activation threshold by limiting programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) expression. To investigate how smoking influence the levels of soluble PD-1 ligand (sPD-L1). Serum levels of sPD-L1 were measured in 246 RA patients and in 168 healthy subjects. The analysis was done with respect to inflammation, smoking, treatments, and autoantibody status. The effect of therapeutic TNF-inhibiting antibodies (TNFi) on sPD-L1 was studied in 16 RA patients at their first infliximab infusion. The expression of Fcγ-receptor (FcγR) subclass IIB and IIIA was analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 12 RA patients and 15 healthy controls, and in healthy PBMC exposed to IgG containing antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (aCCP). The negative association between smoking and sPD-L1 in RA patients was established by multiple logistic regression (OR = 0.52, p = 0.038). Other covariates in the regression model were serum levels of IL-1β representing inflammation (OR = 1.6, p = 0.0076) and aCCP positivity (OR = 1.9, p = 0.047). Fi...Continue Reading

References

Nov 8, 2002·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Tomohide YamazakiHideo Yagita
Dec 5, 2006·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Bing WanJingwu Z Zhang
Jan 5, 2008·Annual Review of Immunology·Lars KlareskogLars Alfredsson
Jan 5, 2008·Annual Review of Immunology·Mary E KeirArlene H Sharpe
Dec 26, 2009·Rheumatology International·Guohua WangXiongwen Wu
Dec 15, 2010·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·Henrik KällbergUNKNOWN EIRA Study Group
Sep 10, 2014·Immunology Letters·Sofia E MagnussonSandra Kleinau
Dec 1, 2014·Arthritis Research & Therapy·Frederique M MoretJoel A G van Roon
Apr 4, 2015·Science·Padmanee Sharma, James P Allison
Dec 20, 2015·Immunological Reviews·Anca I CatrinaVivianne Malmström
May 19, 2016·Immunity·Frank A SchildbergArlene H Sharpe
Aug 20, 2016·Nature Reviews. Rheumatology·Michiel van der VlistLinde Meyaard
Jan 14, 2017·Journal of Autoimmunity·Caroline WasénMaria I Bokarewa
Feb 19, 2017·Lung Cancer : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Yusuke OkumaSadamu Homma
Feb 24, 2017·Immunity·Gary S Firestein, Iain B McInnes
Jun 11, 2017·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·Rakiba BelkhirXavier Mariette

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 22, 2021·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Li CaiTongxin Chen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA
ESR

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT03449589

Software Mentioned

SoftMax Pro
GraphPad
GraphPad Prism
SPSS Statistics

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.