Smoking is associated with postmenopausal breast cancer in women with high levels of estrogens

International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer
Jonas ManjerPer Lenner

Abstract

We investigated the association between smoking and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in groups defined by high levels of estrogens, a factor known to enhance tumour progression. Two prospective cohorts of Swedish women provided 260 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 514 controls. Blood samples were collected at baseline, and anthropometry, life-style factors and reproductive history had been assessed. Subjects were classified into quartiles with regard to the level of estrone, and into three categories with regard to estradiol. All analyses of the relation between smoking and breast cancer were repeated in different categories of these hormones. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for matching factors, i.e., age at baseline, storage time and sub-cohort, yielded odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Ever-smoking was associated with breast cancer in the top category of estrone, 2.02 (1.17-3.49). The highest risk was seen among ex-smokers, 2.96 (1.53-5.75). The pattern was similar for estradiol. Recent smoking cessation was associated with a high OR in top categories of estrone, 4.38 (1.27-15.2) and estradiol 10.0 (1.14-88.7). Smoking initiation before the age of 20 was associated with breast cancer in th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 15, 2006·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Yan CuiThomas E Rohan
Jul 30, 2014·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·X Ruan, A O Mueck
Nov 8, 2015·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Alina MacacuPeter Boyle
Mar 5, 2014·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Laure DossusFrançoise Clavel-Chapelon
Jul 25, 2009·The Breast Journal·Ivana T CroghanRichard D Hurt
May 25, 2006·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Jolanta LissowskaMontserrat García-Closas
Feb 23, 2017·Annals of Surgical Oncology·Maris S JonesMark B Faries
Jan 1, 2014·Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP·Milena IlicJelena Marinkovic

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