Snake venoms are integrated systems, but abundant venom proteins evolve more rapidly

BMC Genomics
Steven D AirdAlexander S Mikheyev

Abstract

While many studies have shown that extracellular proteins evolve rapidly, how selection acts on them remains poorly understood. We used snake venoms to understand the interaction between ecology, expression level, and evolutionary rate in secreted protein systems. Venomous snakes employ well-integrated systems of proteins and organic constituents to immobilize prey. Venoms are generally optimized to subdue preferred prey more effectively than non-prey, and many venom protein families manifest positive selection and rapid gene family diversification. Although previous studies have illuminated how individual venom protein families evolve, how selection acts on venoms as integrated systems, is unknown. Using next-generation transcriptome sequencing and mass spectrometry, we examined microevolution in two pitvipers, allopatrically separated for at least 1.6 million years, and their hybrids. Transcriptomes of parental species had generally similar compositions in regard to protein families, but for a given protein family, the homologs present and concentrations thereof sometimes differed dramatically. For instance, a phospholipase A2 transcript comprising 73.4 % of the Protobothrops elegans transcriptome, was barely present in the P...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 4, 2015·Journal of Proteomics·Timothy ReeksPaul F Alewood
Jul 28, 2016·Toxins·Inácio L M Junqueira-de-AzevedoStephen P Mackessy
Aug 9, 2016·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Cara Francesca Smith, Stephen P Mackessy
Aug 29, 2016·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Terri D McBrideJulio G Soto
Sep 21, 2017·Toxins·Theo Tasoulis, Geoffrey K Isbister
Dec 23, 2017·Toxins·Paola G OjedaWendy González
Oct 20, 2017·Genome Biology and Evolution·Steven D AirdAlexander S Mikheyev
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Aug 11, 2020·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Cara Francesca Smith, Stephen P Mackessy
Apr 9, 2019·Journal of Proteome Research·Brenda Kathryn JonesStephen P Mackessy

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AB984571-AB984614

Methods Mentioned

BETA
two hybrids
two hybrid
MDS
PCR
acetylation

Software Mentioned

Sequest
DataDryad
DataMonkey
PAML
Proteome Discoverer
RSEM
Nextera
MUSCLE
Mascot
PAL2NAL

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