Snapshot of antimicrobial stewardship programs in the hospitals of Pakistan: findings and implications

Heliyon
Zikria SaleemZakkiudin Ahmed

Abstract

We are unaware of the extent of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) among hospitals in Pakistan, which is a concern given the population size, high use of antibiotics across sectors and increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates. Consequently, we sought to address this by undertaking a comprehensive survey. In this cross-sectional observational study in Punjab, an instrument of the measure was developed based on health care facility characteristics and ASPs after an extensive literature review. The questionnaire was circulated by mail or through drop off surveys to medical superintendents or directors/heads of pharmacy departments of hospitals. Out of 254, a total of 137 hospitals fully completed the questionnaire - 11 primary, 65 secondary, 46 tertiary and 15 specialized hospitals. The use of antimicrobial prescribing guidelines (68.7%), provision of infectious diseases consultation services (66.4%), clinical pharmacy service (65.7%), use of drug and therapeutics committees to approve antimicrobial prescribing (65.5%), regular audit by doctors on antimicrobial prescribing (54.1%) and use of a restricted formulary for antimicrobial (50.4%) were the most common ASPs. However, most of these activities were only somewha...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 12, 2020·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Ali Hassan GillaniYu Fang
Oct 13, 2020·Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice·Kashif HussainHasnain Zafar
May 27, 2021·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Zikria SaleemMuhammad Azmi Hassali
Feb 18, 2020·JAC-antimicrobial Resistance·Daniel Kwame AfriyieR Andrew Seaton

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