Sociability and gazing toward humans in dogs and wolves: Simple behaviors with broad implications

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
Mariana BentoselaM A R Udell

Abstract

Sociability, defined as the tendency to approach and interact with unfamiliar people, has been found to modulate some communicative responses in domestic dogs, including gaze behavior toward the human face. The objective of this study was to compare sociability and gaze behavior in pet domestic dogs and in human-socialized captive wolves in order to identify the relative influence of domestication and learning in the development of the dog-human bond. In Experiment 1, we assessed the approach behavior and social tendencies of dogs and wolves to a familiar and an unfamiliar person. In Experiment 2, we compared the animal's duration of gaze toward a person's face in the presence of food, which the animals could see but not access. Dogs showed higher levels of interspecific sociability than wolves in all conditions, including those where attention was unavailable. In addition, dogs gazed longer at the person's face than wolves in the presence of out-of-reach food. The potential contributions of domestication, associative learning, and experiences during ontogeny to prosocial behavior toward humans are discussed.

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Dec 6, 2008·Behavioural Processes·Pamela J Reid
Mar 9, 2019·Scientific Reports·Friederike RangeZsófia Virányi
Nov 28, 2019·Scientific Reports·Friederike RangeSarah Marshall-Pescini
Jul 19, 2020·Animal Cognition·Paula Pérez FragaAttila Andics
May 13, 2020·Frontiers in Psychology·Martina LazzaroniSarah Marshall-Pescini
Oct 22, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Hao-Yu ShihClive J C Phillips
Dec 2, 2020·Scientific Reports·Paula Pérez FragaAttila Andics
Jul 29, 2020·Animal Behaviour·Emily E BrayEvan L MacLean
Aug 14, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Nathaniel J HallMonique A R Udell
Aug 24, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Clive D L Wynne
Aug 28, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Lauren BrubakerMonique A R Udell
Aug 27, 2021·Behavioural Processes·Juliana Wallner Werneck MendesCarine Savalli

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