Socioeconomic disadvantage increases risk of prevalent and persistent depression in later life

Journal of Affective Disorders
Osvaldo P AlmeidaJon J Pfaff

Abstract

Depression is more frequent in socioeconomically disadvantaged than affluent neighbourhoods, but this association may be due to confounding. This study aimed to determine the independent association between socioeconomic disadvantage and depression. We recruited 21,417 older adults via their general practitioners (GPs) and used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess clinically significant depression (PHQ-9≥10) and major depressive symptoms. We divided the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage into quintiles. Other measures included age, gender, place of birth, marital status, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, height and weight, living arrangements, early life adversity, financial strain, number of medical conditions, and education of treating GPs about depression and self-harm behaviour. After 2 years participants completed the PHQ-9 and reported their use of antidepressants and health services. Depression affected 6% and 10% of participants in the least and the most disadvantaged quintiles. The proportion of participants with major depressive symptoms was 2% and 4%. The adjusted odds of depression and major depression were 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 95%CI=1.1-1.6) and 1.8 (95%CI=1.3-2.5) for the mo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 20, 2014·International Psychogeriatrics·Byung-Soo KimMaeng Je Cho
Jul 15, 2015·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·Robin RichardsonArijit Nandi
Oct 22, 2014·International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry·Lydia W LiHongwei Xu
May 15, 2013·General Hospital Psychiatry·Rüya-Daniela KocaleventElmar Brähler
Dec 23, 2014·Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie·Matthias MichalManfred E Beutel
Dec 19, 2013·Revista de saúde pública·Lucélia Justino BorgesEleonora d'Orsi
May 27, 2020·Journal of Primary Care & Community Health·Yong Kang CheahNoor Hazilah Abd Manaf
Jan 30, 2020·Revista brasileira de enfermagem·Marielli TerassiSofia Cristina Iost Pavarini
Jul 12, 2020·The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity·Kosuke TamuraTiffany M Powell-Wiley
Jul 16, 2020·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·Deeksha Elwadhi, Alex Cohen
May 14, 2020·The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry·Jo Anne SireyHelen C Kales
Oct 22, 2019·American Journal of Preventive Medicine·Melinda CraikeAlexandra G Parker

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