Abstract
In Western countries, lower socioeconomic status is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality. These associations may plausibly differ in Asian populations, but data are scarce and direct comparisons between the two regions are lacking. We, thus, aimed to compare such associations between Asian and Western populations in a large collaborative study, using the highest level of education attained as our measure of social status. Cohort studies in general populations conducted in Asia or Australasia. 303,036 people (71% from Asia) from 24 studies in the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Studies had to have a prospective cohort study design, have accumulated at least 5000 person-years of follow-up, recorded date of birth (or age), sex and blood pressure at baseline and date of, or age at, death during follow-up. We used Cox regression models to estimate relationships between educational attainment and CVD (fatal or non-fatal), as well as all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. During more than two million person-years of follow-up, 11,065 deaths (3655 from CVD and 4313 from cancer) and 1809 CVD non-fatal events were recorded. Adjusting for classical CVD risk factors and a...Continue Reading
References
Jun 1, 1992·American Journal of Public Health·M A WinklebyS P Fortmann
Jan 1, 1994·International Journal of Health Services : Planning, Administration, Evaluation·N Krieger, E Fee
Jun 1, 1994·American Journal of Public Health·A E Kunst, J P Mackenbach
Oct 1, 1993·Circulation·G A Kaplan, J E Keil
Mar 1, 1993·Addiction·M G MarmotJ Head
Jan 1, 1993·Preventive Medicine·R J GarrisonW B Kannel
Oct 1, 1996·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·M Woodward
Jan 1, 1997·Epidemiology·R T AndersonG A Kaplan
Nov 14, 1997·Social Science & Medicine·M TomiakM Jetté
Aug 1, 1998·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·M A WinklebyA N Varady
Jan 5, 2000·Cancer Causes & Control : CCC·N KriegerF Ward
Sep 30, 2000·Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health·S Short, G Palmer
Jun 27, 2001·Lancet·T A HouwelingJ P Mackenbach
Sep 20, 2001·Cancer Causes & Control : CCC·K YostW Wright
Nov 28, 2001·Circulation·S YusufS Anand
Apr 24, 2002·European Journal of Public Health·Carol EmslieSally Macintyre
Dec 23, 2003·European Journal of Cancer : Official Journal for European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) [and] European Association for Cancer Research (EACR)·Johan P MackenbachAnton E Kunst
Jul 2, 2004·American Journal of Epidemiology·Federica Barzi, Mark Woodward
Mar 4, 2005·Social Science & Medicine·Kylie Ball, David Crawford
Feb 3, 2006·BMJ : British Medical Journal·G David BattyIan J Deary
Oct 25, 2006·International Journal of Epidemiology·M WoodwardUNKNOWN Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration
Nov 9, 2006·Heart·Mark WoodwardUNKNOWN SIGN group on risk estimation
Nov 14, 2006·Lancet·Kun-Ho YoonHo-Young Son
Feb 14, 2008·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·C L Fischer WalkerR E Black
Feb 20, 2008·British Journal of Cancer·G MenvielleJ P Mackenbach
Jun 6, 2008·The New England Journal of Medicine·Johan P MackenbachUNKNOWN European Union Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health
Sep 9, 2010·Circulation·Abhinav GoyalUNKNOWN Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry Investigators
Sep 12, 2012·Journal of Gerontological Social Work·Terry Lum
Jul 17, 2013·Statistics in Medicine·Matthieu Resche-RigonUNKNOWN PROG-IMT Study Group
Oct 22, 2013·Journal of Epidemiology·Karri SilventoinenTea Lallukka
Jan 11, 2014·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·Prin VathesatogkitMark Woodward
Citations
Mar 24, 2016·International Journal for Equity in Health·Young-Ho Khang, Hye-Ryun Kim
Jan 7, 2017·Scientific Reports·Eri EguchiAkiko Tamakoshi
Dec 16, 2016·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·Kathryn BackholerMark Woodward
Oct 2, 2017·Current Cardiology Reports·Carlos de Mestral, Silvia Stringhini
Dec 14, 2017·PloS One·Semaw Ferede AberaEva Johanna Kantelhardt
May 17, 2018·American Journal of Hypertension·Jiwon SeoSungha Park
May 16, 2018·Circulation·William M SchultzLaurence S Sperling
Jul 12, 2017·European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing : Journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology·Anastase TchicayaJean Beissel
Jan 12, 2019·Scandinavian Journal of Public Health·Ulla Bach LaursenMogens Lytken Larsen
Oct 19, 2017·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Heikki A SeikkulaPeter J Boström
Oct 27, 2017·Journal of Biosocial Science·Matthew KellyAdrian Sleigh
May 17, 2019·Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society·Nagako OkudaUNKNOWN NIPPON DATA90 Research Group
Jul 2, 2019·PloS One·Hao-Hsin WuYung-Tai Chen
Apr 15, 2020·Acta Orthopaedica·Yamin GranbergEbba K Lindqvist
Jan 29, 2019·BMJ Global Health·Ibrahim Al-ZakwaniWafa Rashed
May 29, 2020·European Journal of Preventive Cardiology·Carel W le RouxAltynai Satylganova
Sep 11, 2020·Health & Social Care in the Community·Bayram Şahin, Gülnur İlgün
Nov 23, 2016·International Journal for Equity in Health·Rosemary J KordaEmily Banks
Apr 25, 2017·PloS One·Mitsuhiko FunakoshiJiro Miura
Dec 19, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Sandra C ThompsonFrank Sanfilippo
Jan 30, 2020·International Journal for Equity in Health·Gary Ka-Ki ChungRoger Yat-Nork Chung
Oct 21, 2015·Current Cardiology Reports·Jonathan GallagherFrank Doyle
Sep 2, 2017·International Journal for Equity in Health·Karice K HyunJulie Redfern
Jul 5, 2017·International Journal for Equity in Health·Suchunya AungkulanonVirasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
Apr 3, 2020·Healthcare·Ava NiakoueiLawrence Fulton
Aug 18, 2020·Primary Health Care Research & Development·Ka Keat LimChuen Seng Tan
Mar 25, 2021·Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes·Tiew-Hwa K TengUNKNOWN ASIAN-HF investigators‡
Apr 10, 2021·Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology·Stavros E MountantonakisUNKNOWN Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium
May 27, 2021·Public Health Nutrition·Gary Kk ChungRoger Y Chung