Sodium and its manifold impact on our immune system.

Trends in Immunology
Katarzyna JobinChristian Kurts

Abstract

The Western diet is rich in salt, and a high salt diet (HSD) is suspected to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is now widely accepted that an experimental HSD can stimulate components of the immune system, potentially exacerbating certain autoimmune diseases, or alternatively, improving defenses against certain infections, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, recent findings show that an experimental HSD may also aggravate other infections (e.g., pyelonephritis or systemic listeriosis). Here, we discuss the modulatory effects of a HSD on the microbiota, metabolic signaling, hormonal responses, local sodium concentrations, and their effects on various immune cell types in different tissues. We describe how these factors are integrated, resulting either in immune stimulation or suppression in various tissues and disease settings.

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Citations

Aug 7, 2021·The FEBS Journal·Giacomo Rossitto, Christian Delles
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Reiner NoschkaSteffen Stenger
Sep 18, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Anja BernhardtPeter R Mertens
Sep 28, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Luka KrampertJonathan Jantsch

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