PMID: 9185106Jun 1, 1997Paper

Sodium and water retention in heart failure: pathogenesis and treatment

Kidney International. Supplement
P Y Martin, R W Schrier

Abstract

In congestive heart failure (CHF), low cardiac output decreases the fullness of the arterial circulation. This underfilling of the arterial vascular compartment unloads the baroreceptors, resulting in a sequence of events to maintain arterial circulatory integrity. Among them, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, the sympathetic nervous system, the non-osmotic release of vasopressin and the endothelins are activated to increase vascular resistance and enhance sodium and water renal retention. Simultaneously, vasodilatory and natriuretic substances such as the natriuretic peptides are activated to counterregulate these vasoconstrictors. In the initial phase of CHF, these events contribute to the cardiorenal adaptation. However, when CHF progresses, they become maladaptive and further depress vantricular performance and increase sodium and water retention. This vicious cycle of CHF provides the rationale for the use of neurohormonal antagonists in CHF. The beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in CHF are well described. Vasopressin V1 receptor antagonists have been associated with peripheral vasodilation and improved cardiac function in some patients with CHF. In CHF animals, the vasopressin V2 recepto...Continue Reading

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Kidney International. Supplement
P Y Martin, R W Schrier
Advances in Internal Medicine
W T Abraham, R W Schrier
Electrolyte & Blood Pressure : E & BP
Eun Hui Bae, Seong Kwon Ma
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved