Sodium reduction for hypertension prevention in overweight adults: further results from the Trials of Hypertension Prevention Phase II

Journal of Human Hypertension
S K KumanyikaTrials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group

Abstract

Sodium reduction is efficacious for primary prevention of hypertension, but the feasibility of achieving this effect is unclear. The objective of the paper is detailed analyses of adherence to and effects of the sodium reduction intervention among overweight adults in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, Phase II. Sodium reduction (comprehensive education and counselling about how to reduce sodium intake) was tested vs no dietary intervention (usual care) for 36-48 months. A total of 956 white and 203 black adults, ages 30-54 years, with diastolic blood pressure 83-89 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (SBP) <140 mmHg, and body weight 110-165% of gender-specific standard weight were included in the study. At 36 months, urinary sodium excretion was 40.4 mmol/24 h (24.4%) lower in sodium reduction compared to usual care participants (P<0.0001), but only 21% of sodium reduction participants achieved the targeted level of sodium excretion below 80 mmol/24 h. Adherence was positively related to attendance at face-to-face contacts. Net decreases in SBP at 6, 18, and 36 months of 2.9 (P<0.001), 2.0 (P<0.001), and 1.3 (P=0.02) mmHg in sodium reduction vs usual care were associated with an overall 18% lower incidence of hypertension (P=0.0...Continue Reading

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