Soft tissue facial areas and volumes in subjects with Down syndrome

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a
Chiarella SforzaVirgilio F Ferrario

Abstract

The objective of this study was to supply quantitative information about the facial soft-tissues of a group of subjects with Down syndrome. The three-dimensional coordinates of 28 soft-tissue facial landmarks were obtained by an electromechanic digitizer in 17 male and 11 female subjects with Down syndrome aged 12-45 years, and in 429 healthy individuals of the same age, ethnicity, and sex. From the landmarks, facial areas (eyes, ears, nose, and lips) and volumes (nose and lips) were calculated according to a geometrical model of face. Data were compared to those collected in the normal subjects by computing z-scores. Male and female z-scores were not significantly different. Most of the facial volumes were significantly (Student's t, P < 0.05) smaller in subjects with Down syndrome than in their normal controls. Ear areas were significantly reduced (mean z-scores in males -2.07 right, -1.9 left; in females -2.11 right, -2.21 left), as well as nasal surface area (mean z-score -1.53 in males, -2.45 in females). In women, age and some z-scores were significantly correlated (P < 0.05): upper lip volume (r = 0.714), left and right eye area (r = 0.635, right; 0.604, left), nasal area (r = 0.603): with increasing age, the negative va...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1990·American Journal of Medical Genetics·S S Saksena, D Bixler
Dec 1, 1987·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·R E Ward, D Bixler
Feb 1, 1993·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·R A Perkins, R N Staley
May 2, 1997·American Journal of Medical Genetics·J E Allanson
Aug 1, 1997·Journal of Medical Genetics·J E AllansonM Ireland
Oct 6, 1997·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics·S S Desai
Mar 3, 1998·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·V F FerrarioG Tartaglia
Mar 8, 2000·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·J T RichtsmeierR H Reeves
May 5, 2001·American Journal of Medical Genetics·L GuyotN Philip
Feb 13, 2002·American Journal of Medical Genetics·Joan T RichtsmeierRoger H Reeves
May 7, 2002·American Journal of Medical Genetics·Elizabeth S MooreBryan D Hall
May 25, 2002·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics·Moschos A PapadopoulosNikolaos A Papadopulos
Aug 27, 2002·Pediatric Radiology·Juan Suarez QuintanillaMayte Abeleira Pazos
Sep 5, 2002·American Journal of Medical Genetics·Andreas ZanklAlbert Schinzel
Sep 10, 2002·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Leslie G FarkasChristopher R Forrest
Feb 8, 2003·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing·T S DouglasD L Viljoen
Apr 11, 2003·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Judith E Allanson, Ruth A Newbury-Ecob
Apr 18, 2003·Lancet·Nancy J Roizen, David Patterson
May 28, 2003·International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery·L GuyotO Dutour
Jul 15, 2003·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·J D Sonek
Jul 15, 2003·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·S MindererH Stöger
Jul 15, 2003·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·A TuxenI Kjaer
Jul 15, 2003·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·S CiceroK H Nicolaides
Aug 7, 2003·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Virgilio F FerrarioClaudia Dellavia
Sep 23, 2003·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Virgilio F FerrarioArmando Carù
Apr 1, 2004·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Virgilio F FerrarioChiarella Sforza
Apr 2, 2004·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Ewa PronickaMichał Lebiedowski
May 21, 2004·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Chiarella SforzaVirgilio F Ferrario

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 9, 2005·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Chiarella SforzaVirgilio F Ferrario
Oct 13, 2010·The Angle Orthodontist·Chiarella SforzaVirgilio F Ferrario
Mar 11, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·S Ritz-TimmeC Cattaneo
Mar 22, 2008·Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·Chiarella SforzaVirgilio F Ferrario
Feb 4, 2010·European Journal of Oral Sciences·Chiarella SforzaVirgilio F Ferrario
Oct 3, 2014·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Chiarella SforzaFadil Elamin
Apr 27, 2007·Schizophrenia Research·Michael T ComptonElaine F Walker
Sep 25, 2017·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·John M StarbuckJoan T Richtsmeier
Aug 17, 2020·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Silvia MasnadaUNKNOWN Italian Aicardi Study Group

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
Chiarella SforzaVirgilio F Ferrario
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved