Solid recovered fuels in the cement industry with special respect to hazardous waste

Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA
Erwin Thomanetz

Abstract

Cements with good technical properties have been produced in Europe since the nineteenth century and are now worldwide standardized high-quality mass products with enormous production numbers. The basic component for cement is the so-called clinker which is produced mainly from raw meal (limestone plus clay plus sands) in a rotary kiln with preheater and progressively with integrated calciner, at temperatures up to 1450 °C. This process requires large amounts of fossil fuels and is CO₂-intensive. But most CO₂ is released by lime decomposition during the burning process. In the 1980s the use of alternative fuels began--firstly in the form of used oil and waste tyres and then increasingly by pre-conditioned materials from commercial waste and from high calorific industrial waste (i.e. solid recovered fuel (SRF))--as well as organic hazardous waste materials such as solvents, pre-conditioned with sawdust. Therefore the cement industry is more and more a competitor in the waste-to-energy market--be it for municipal waste or for hazardous waste, especially concerning waste incineration, but also for other co-incineration plants. There are still no binding EU rules identifying which types of SRF or hazardous waste could be incinerate...Continue Reading

References

Mar 15, 2008·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Wolfgang StaberJohann Feltner
Aug 10, 2011·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Henning Friege, Ansgar Fendel
Mar 1, 2012·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Simone PieberAlexander Curtis

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Citations

Jun 20, 2014·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·R SarcE M Sipple
Jun 26, 2014·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Hrvoje MikulčićNeven Duić
Jun 18, 2015·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Ana M López-SabirónGermán A Ferreira
Jun 28, 2015·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Małgorzata Wzorek, Mariusz Tańczuk
Apr 11, 2014·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Wzorek Małgorzata
Aug 24, 2019·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Mahdi FarzadkiaShahram Nazari

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