Some like it fat: comparative ultrastructure of the embryo in two demosponges of the genus Mycale (order Poecilosclerida) from Antarctica and the Caribbean

PloS One
Ana RiesgoConxita Avila

Abstract

During embryogenesis, organisms with lecithotrophic indirect development usually accumulate large quantities of energetic reserves in the form of yolk that are necessary for larval survival. Since all sponges have lecithotrophic development, yolk formation is an ineludible step of their embryogenesis. Sponge yolk platelets have a wide range of morphological forms, from entirely lipid or protein platelets to a combined platelet showing both lipids and proteins and even glycogen. So far, there are no comparative studies on the nature and content of yolk in congeneric species of sponges inhabiting contrasting environments, which could have putative effects on the larval adaptation to environmental conditions. Here, we have taken advantage of the worldwide distribution of the sponge genus Mycale, in order to compare the embryogenesis and yolk formation in two species inhabiting contrasting latitudinal areas: M. acerata from Antarctic waters and M. laevis from the Caribbean. We have compared their brooded embryos and larvae using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and calculated their energetic signatures based on the nature of their yolk. While the general morphological feature of embryos and larvae of both species were...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 21, 2018·Marine Drugs·Sonia Żółtowska-AksamitowskaHermann Ehrlich
Mar 8, 2018·Marine Drugs·Hermann EhrlichTeofil Jesionowski
Aug 20, 2020·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·James J BellJosé Luis Carballo

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
light
transmission electron microscopy
scanning electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

ImageJ

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