Sonographic nomogram of the fetal calf between 15 and 42 weeks' gestation using 3-dimensional sonography

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Reli Hershkovitz, Ronnie Tepper

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish a new reference growth chart of calf muscle biometric measurements throughout gestation in normal singleton pregnancies. A prospective cohort study was designed. One hundred pregnant women were included in the study and assessed by 3-dimensional sonography. Excluded were those with multiple pregnancies, congenital anomalies, abnormal karyotypes, and polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios. Three-dimensional multiplanar sonographic images were used to measure the calf muscles: soleus, gastrocnemius, popliteal, peroneus longus, and tibialis posterior. Calf muscle widths increased with increasing gestational age (R(2) = 0.857; P < .0001), and the ratio between calf muscles and the tibia increased as well (R(2) = 0.356; P = .001). The data provide a nomogram of calf width with a direct correlation between muscle growth and gestational age. This nomogram can offer a basis for normal calf development and may assist in distinguishing between different etiologies leading to clubfoot and other joint contractures associated with calf atrophy.

References

Feb 1, 1986·Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·B E HashimotoP W Callen
Jan 22, 2005·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics·Toshi FuruuchiKazuko Igari
Nov 2, 2005·Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy·K UpadhyayM J M Luckas

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