Sonolytic and sonocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by low and high frequency ultrasound

Journal of Hazardous Materials
Zeynep Eren, Nilsun H Ince

Abstract

The study describes degradation of two azo dyes at low and high frequency ultrasound (US) to compare their reactivity and to assess the impacts of frequency, OH, chemical structure and soluble/nonsoluble additives. Low frequency US alone was found totally ineffective for bleaching the dyes even after 2-h irradiation, while high frequency provided significant color decay in 30-min contact. The result was attributed to larger number of oscillations at high frequency that allowed a larger fraction of OH ejection to the bulk liquid. The difference in the rates of dye degradation was due to different substituents around the azo bonds that dictated the reactivities of the dyes with OH and other species. The performance of low frequency US was remarkably improved and exceeded that of high frequency in the presence of CCl(4), nano-sized TiO(2) and zero-valent copper. The effect was attributed to the advantage of low frequency for long bubble-life time, high collapse temperatures, turbulent flow conditions and high sonoluminescence intensity. The efficacies of the additives in terms of the reduction in dye concentration per unit mass of additive were: TiO(2)>CCl(4)>Cu, regardless of the dye structure and the operation frequency. Much be...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

May 2, 2013·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Jong-Kwon ImYeomin Yoon
Sep 28, 2013·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry·Meral DükkancıTimothy J Mason
Jul 24, 2012·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry·N Ghows, M H Entezari
Apr 13, 2012·Journal of Environmental Management·Zeynep Eren
Apr 21, 2010·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry·Gökce Tezcanlı Güyer, Nilsun H Ince
Oct 17, 2015·The Science of the Total Environment·Raed A Al-JubooriLeslie Bowtell
Jul 19, 2015·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry·Alireza KhataeeSang Woo Joo
Aug 21, 2013·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry·Peizhi HeYanbing Wang
Jan 15, 2021·SN Applied Sciences·Tatianna MarshallErica Pensini
May 30, 2017·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry·Nilsun H Ince
Oct 17, 2017·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry·Başak Savun-Hekimoğlu, Nilsun H Ince

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