Spatial Analysis of Almond Leaf Scorch Disease in the San Joaquin Valley of California: Factors Affecting Pathogen Distribution and Spread

Plant Disease
Russell L GrovesMario A Viveros

Abstract

Almond leaf scorch (ALS) disease has emerged as a serious threat to almond (Prunus amygdalus) production areas throughout California's San Joaquin Valley. This disease is caused by the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, and this pathogen is transmitted by xylophagous insects including sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Among four orchards surveyed, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bacterial isolation followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were equally effective in detecting X. fastidiosa from ALS-symptomatic trees. Disease incidence varied among almond cultivars in each orchard, with the highest mean incidence and most severe symptoms frequently encountered in 'Sonora'. X. fastidiosa isolates consisted of mixtures of grape or "G-genotype" and almond or "A-genotype" strains present in surveyed orchards. The X. fastidiosa G-genotypes characterized from each orchard were associated with the most severely affected 'Sonora' trees in three of the four orchards. Both ordinary runs and simple randomization analyses revealed aggregations of ALS in three of the four orchards. Clusters of ALSaffected trees frequently occurred in the outermost orchard rows....Continue Reading

References

Feb 7, 2001·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·M HendsonB Kirkpatrick
Apr 26, 2001·International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology·A Mehta, Y B Rosato
Dec 9, 2003·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Rodrigo P P Almeida, Alexander H Purcell
Oct 24, 2008·Phytopathology·Helvécio Della Coletta-Filho, Marcos Antonio Machado

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Citations

Jul 21, 2012·Journal of Economic Entomology·Elijah DePalmaMark Hoddle
Jan 16, 2019·Phytopathology·Chunxian ChenPhillip M Brannen
Jul 1, 2006·Plant Disease·Elaine B ShaplandMario A Viveros

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