Spatial expression of the kallikrein-kinin system during nephrogenesis

Histology and Histopathology
S S el-Dahr

Abstract

During nephrogenesis, new nephrons are induced in the periphery of the kidney, while maturing nephrons occupy a deeper position in the renal cortex. This centrifugal pattern of maturation is characterized by nephron patterning, establishment of proximal-distal segment identity, tubular and glomerular growth and differentiation, and acquisition of specialized functions. All of these processes are coordinated in time and space with renal vasculogenesis, glomerulogenesis and regional hemodynamic changes. The end-result ensures that tubular structure and function are tightly coordinated with glomerular filtration during normal kidney development. To achieve this delicate task of glomerulotubular balance, the developing kidney produces growth factors and vasoactive hormones that act in a paracrine manner to regulate nephrovascular growth, differentiation and physiological functions. One such paracrine system is the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), which generates bradykinin (BK) from the cleavage of kininogen by kallikrein. BK activates a G-protein coupled receptor, B2R, to regulate renal blood flow and salt and water excretion. The developing kidney expresses an endogenous KKS. Expression of the KKS components and B2R is intimately c...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 31, 2020·Physiological Reviews·Jens Leipziger, Helle Praetorius
Dec 19, 2018·Frontiers in Medicine·Carlos C BarrosMichael Bader

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