Spatial Relationship Between the Metanephros and Adjacent Organs According to the Carnegie Stage of Development

The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
Hana IshiyamaTetsuya Takakuwa

Abstract

The morphological changes in the metanephros and its spatial relationship to the adjacent organs was evaluated based on the Carnegie stages (CSs) from 14 through 23. The imaging modalities used included magnetic resonance imaging (N = 4), phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography (N = 11), and serial histological sections (N = 40), supplemented by three-dimensional image reconstruction. The orientation of the hilus of the metanephros changed significantly between CS17 (34.4 ± 13.7 degrees) and 18 (122.3 ± 38.1 degrees), with an increase in the number of branches of the urinary collecting system, from 1.61 ± 0.42 at CS17 to 3.20 ± 0.35 at CS18. This increase in the number of branches influenced the growth of the metanephros and the orientation of its hilus. The right and left metanephroses were in proximity throughout the embryonic period. The local maximum interpole distances were observed at CS18 (0.87 ± 0.11 mm for the upper and 0.50 ± 0.25 mm for the lower pole). Mesenchymal tissue was observed between the metanephros and iliac arteries, as well as between the right and left metanephros. Throughout development, the position of the lower pole of the metanephros remained adjacent to the aortic bifurcation. The position of the u...Continue Reading

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