Spatial variation of PM elemental composition between and within 20 European study areas--Results of the ESCAPE project

Environment International
Ming-Yi TsaiBert Brunekreef

Abstract

An increasing number of epidemiological studies suggest that adverse health effects of air pollution may be related to particulate matter (PM) composition, particularly trace metals. However, we lack comprehensive data on the spatial distribution of these elements. We measured PM2.5 and PM10 in twenty study areas across Europe in three seasonal two-week periods over a year using Harvard impactors and standardized protocols. In each area, we selected street (ST), urban (UB) and regional background (RB) sites (totaling 20) to characterize local spatial variability. Elemental composition was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of all PM2.5 and PM10 filters. We selected a priori eight (Cu, Fe, K, Ni, S, Si, V, Zn) well-detected elements of health interest, which also roughly represented different sources including traffic, industry, ports, and wood burning. PM elemental composition varied greatly across Europe, indicating different regional influences. Average street to urban background ratios ranged from 0.90 (V) to 1.60 (Cu) for PM2.5 and from 0.93 (V) to 2.28 (Cu) for PM10. Our selected PM elements were variably correlated with the main pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5 absorbance, NO2 and NOx) across Europe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 19, 2016·Environment International·Eric CokerJohn Molitor
Mar 2, 2016·Environmental Pollution·Stefano Zauli SajaniRoy M Harrison
Dec 8, 2015·Environment International·O Raaschou-NielsenP Vineis
Jul 19, 2016·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·M LågM Refsnes
Oct 19, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Laura MegidoElena Marañón
Jan 21, 2017·Environmental Research·Marie PedersenOle Raaschou-Nielsen
Mar 8, 2018·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Yen-Yi LeeKang-Shin Chen
Nov 24, 2017·Particle and Fibre Toxicology·Cécile VignalMathilde Body-Malapel
Sep 15, 2020·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews·Margaux CochardYann Landkocz
Aug 25, 2020·Environmental Epidemiology·Aurore LavigneAnna L Hansell
Mar 11, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Farzana KasturyA L Juhasz

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