Spatiotemporal dynamics and quantitative analysis of phytoplasmas in insect vectors.

Scientific Reports
Hiroaki KoinumaYasuyuki Yamaji

Abstract

Phytoplasmas are transmitted by insect vectors in a persistent propagative manner; however, detailed movements and multiplication patterns of phytoplasmas within vectors remain elusive. In this study, spatiotemporal dynamics of onion yellows (OY) phytoplasma in its vector Macrosteles striifrons were investigated by immunohistochemistry-based 3D imaging, whole-mount fluorescence staining, and real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that OY phytoplasmas entered the anterior midgut epithelium by seven days after acquisition start (daas), then moved to visceral muscles surrounding the midgut and to the hemocoel at 14-21 daas; finally, OY phytoplasmas entered into type III cells of salivary glands at 21-28 daas. The anterior midgut of the alimentary canal and type III cells of salivary glands were identified as the major sites of OY phytoplasma infection. Fluorescence staining further revealed that OY phytoplasmas spread along the actin-based muscle fibers of visceral muscles and accumulated on the surfaces of salivary gland cells. This accumulation would be important for phytoplasma invasion into salivary glands, and thus for successful insect transmission. This study demonstrates the spatiotemporal dynamics of phytoplasm...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 1, 2020·Journal of Insect Physiology·Luciana GalettoCristina Marzachì
Aug 25, 2020·Molecular Plant·Weijie HuangGitta Coaker
May 20, 2021·World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology·Smita Nair, R Manimekalai

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
PCR
confocal microscopy

Software Mentioned

R
R Foundation for Statistical Computing
TRI 3D SRF II

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