Specific gravity and creatinine as corrections for variation in urine concentration in humans, gorillas, and woolly monkeys

American Journal of Primatology
Brent C WhiteJustin Phillips

Abstract

Hormones excreted in the urine are widely used to assess the physiological and psychological condition of unrestrained animals. In order to control for variation in the water concentration of urine samples, the hormone concentration is often indexed to the concentration of creatinine. Because there are several problems with using creatinine, we have investigated the efficacy of specific gravity as an alternative basis for adjusting the hormone concentration in humans, gorillas, and woolly monkeys. In an experimental manipulation of human urine hydration, ten volunteers drank a water load proportional to body weight, and provided complete urine collection and saliva samples for four consecutive 20 min intervals. From the urine, we measured cortisol (radioimmunoassay), creatinine (colorimetric assay), and specific gravity (refractometer). Only cortisol was assayed from saliva. During 80 min following water ingestion, cortisol, creatinine, and specific gravity declined as urine became diluted; however, total cortisol excretion remained constant. Only cortisol concentration indexed to specific gravity accurately reflected the consistent cortisol excretion. Specific gravity and creatinine-corrected cortisol values were highly correl...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 27, 2012·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Kazuki AkiraHidemichi Mitome
Apr 9, 2013·American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council·Phoebe L SarkarPablo A Nepomnaschy
Nov 16, 2018·Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease·C K BarhaP A Nepomnaschy
Mar 7, 2021·Hormones and Behavior·Martin N MullerMelissa Emery Thompson
Aug 28, 2021·Children·Yuri Levin-SchwartzAlison P Sanders

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